LaSalvia JC (2008) A physically-based model for the effect of microstructure and mechanical properties on ballistic performance. Johnson GR, Cook WH (1985) Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures. Holmquist TJ, Johnson GR (2005) Characterization and evaluation of silicon carbide for high-velocity impact. Holmquist TJ, Johnson GR (2002) Response of silicon carbide to high velocity impact. Holmquist TJ, Anderson CE Jr, Behner T, Orphal DL (2010) The mechanics of dwell and post-dwell penetration. Holland CC, Gamble EA, Zok FW, Deshpande VS, McMeeking RM (2015) Effect of design on the performance of steel-alumina bilayers and trilayers subject to ballistic impact. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA: Ballistic Research Laboratory, pp 1–8 In: Ballistic Research Laboratory (ed) Proceedings of 19th Army science conference 1994 Jun 20–24 Orlando, USA. Hauver GE, Netherwood PH, Benck RF, Kecskes LJ (1994) Enhanced ballistic perfomance of ceramics. In: Chou SC, Bartlett FDJ, Wright TW, Iyer K (eds) Proceedings of 13th Army symposium on solid mechanics, Aug 17–19, Massachusetts, USA. Hauver GE, Netherwood PH, Benck RF, Kecskes LJ (1993) Ballistic performance of ceramic targets. Goh WL, Zheng Y, Yuan J, Ng KW (2017) Effects of hardness of steel on ceramic armour module against long rod impact. 4th European LS-DYNA users conference, pp 47–60 Int J Impact Eng 33(1–12):68–79Ĭronin DS, Bui K, Kaufmann C, McIntosch G, Berstad T (2004) Implementation and validation of the Johnson–Holmquist ceramic material model. īehner T, Orphal DL, Hohler V et al (2006) Hypervelocity penetration of gold rods into SiC-N for impact velocities from 2.0 to 6.2 km/s. pp 35–42īehner T, Heine A, Wickert M (2016) Dwell and penetration of tungsten heavy alloy long-rod penetrators impacting unconfined finite-thickness silicon carbide ceramic targets. In: Bless S, Walker J (eds) Proceedings of 24th international symposium on ballistics 2008 New Orleans, LA, USA. 06-5117/002īehner T, Anderson CE Jr, Holmquist TJ, Wickert M, Templeton DW (2008) Interface defeat for unconfined SiC ceramics. 18.12544/008Īnderson CE Jr, Walker JD, Lankford J (1995) Investigations of the Ballistic Response of Brittle Materials. 18.12544/029Īnderson CE Jr, Behner T, Holmquist TJ, Orphal DL, Wickert MD (2009) interface defeat, and penetration of long rods impacting silicon carbide. In addition, mass erosion of LRP, rather than the decrease of velocity, functions vitally in affecting the transition when different projectile materials are taken into consideration.Īnderson CE (2011) Interface defeat of long rods impacting oblique silicon carbide. It is shown that dwell/penetration transition predominantly depends on the damage accumulation in ceramic and the performance of back plate. Significant influences of nose shape of LRP, projectile material, ratio of each layer of target structure and thickness of back plate on transition from dwell to penetration were investigated numerically. The results of numerical simulation agreed well with the corresponding experimental data. This observation was then studied by using numerical simulation software AUTODYN with two material models, Johnson–Cook for LRP and witness target, while Johnson–Holmquist for ceramic. Data analysis suggested that instead of a sharp transition velocity above which dwell phenomenon stopped, dwells with a phase of gradual decreasing time over a range of velocities were observed in experimental work. The transition from interface defeat to extended dwell to penetration of ceramics was observed experimentally. A series of depth of penetration experiments were conducted of silicon carbide impacted by tungsten–iron–nickel (93%W–Fe–Ni) conical long-rod projectile (LRP) between 9 m/s. In this study, the transition from dwell to penetration was studied experimentally and numerically, focusing on the dwell time, penetration and damage evolution in ceramic. Dwell/interface defeat phenomenon plays a pivotal rule in enhancing the protective ability of ceramic armor.
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